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3-ring circus

activity: A fast-paced TPR activity where 3 different students act out individuallized actions, while the teacher asks the class about what each of the students is doing.

  • Setup: The teacher assigns a unique target-language verb/action to three different student actors.
  • Action: All three students perform their continuous physical mimes at the same time (the "three rings").
  • Circling: The teacher "circles" the vocabulary by rapidly asking the seated students personalized, repetitive questions in the target language about who is doing what, switching focus dynamically between the three actors.


credit: Bertie Segal Cook

ACTFL

organization: The American Council on the Teaching of Foreign Languages

One of the largest world language associations in the United States. It is a tiered system of organizations starting at the state level, regional, and then national (ACTFL). They also have an annual conference in November.


link: actfl.org


ADI

methodology: Acquisition Driven Instruction

A method focused on acquisition of language versus learning a language.


See also: CBLT and TCI



affective filter

concept: a mental barrier caused by emotions such as anxiety, self-doubt or social stress that prevents a learner from acquiring language. Many teachers focus on activities and strategies to lower the affective filter as much as possible.


credit: Stephen Krashen

Agárralo

game: A review game where students sit across from a partner with a marker positioned equidistant between them. The teacher makes a true or false statement. If the statement is true, both partners try to earn a point by grabbing the marker first. If it is false, no one grabs for the marker. Anyone touching a marker during a false statement, loses a point. There are many variations of this game with different objectives.


See also: Marker Game



AI

concept: artifical intelligence

Often used in the sense of materials created by computers using large amounts of data and synthesizing the information to create new materials based on a prompt given by the user. Especially controversial when being used to supplant creative activities such as writing original fiction, artwork, or music.



AP

concept: Advanced Placement

A course that is set to a higher rigor than a standard course.



AAPPL

assessment: the ACTFL Assessment of Performance toward Proficiency in Languages

A standards-based assessment focused on the the three modes of communication: Interpretive, Interpersonal, and Presentational. Often used to determine elegibility for the Seal of Biliteracy.


link: AAPPL test

acquisition

concept: This refers to the subconscious process of becoming fluent in a language. This term was popularized by Stephen Krashen, and is often contrasted with language learning, which Krashen uses to refer to the conscious process of learning a language. He argues that conscious language learning does not result in fluency.



authres

resource: authentic resource

Referring to resources not created specifically for educational purposes, but useful in the classroom.



Bad Unicorn

game: Bad Unicorn is a role-playing deduction game. It models a conflict between an informed minority (the Bad Unicorn) and an uninformed majority (Classmates/other roles). Players are secretly assigned roles, and the game alternates between "night" and "day" phases until one team wins. In world language classrooms, the activities are carried out with repetitive language. Students use the target language to accuse, defend, and vote out the hidden “Bad Unicorn” while the teacher narrates events, providing massive repetitions of high-frequency vocabulary.


See also: Loup Garou and Mafia


credit: Erica Peplinski Burge

bailout move

practice: Any activity that is used to substitute for an activity that is not currently successful. Often used to regain focus and momentum in a class that is not “buying in” to an activity.



barometer student

concept: The student who has the most difficulty understanding the language in any given class, but who is actively trying. Teachers attempt to pace the lesson slow enough for this student to understand. Teachers often check in with this student to gauge the appropriateness of their lesson speed.



Blooket

activity: online game platform often used to review material. Free version, but with expanded subscription available. Pronounced: BLUE-kit


link: blooket.com

booktasting

activity: A round-robin activity to help students browse books in a classroom library. Each student starts with a book for a short time and then passes the book to another student in a predetermined order until all students have seen all books.



brain breaks

practice: A short (1-5 minute) activity break used to reset mental focus. Often using physical movement, mindfulness, or relaxation techniques.



BVP = Bill VanPatten

person: Professor of Spanish and second language acquistion. Often cited for his theories and research. Former host of the Tea with BVP podcast.



Calendar Talk

activity: A class routine that expands the basic ideas of a classroom calendar (date, day, weather, etc) to include more interesting, and personalized topics such as: school activities, holidays, birthdays, unique celebrations, cultural highlights, etc



Card Talk

activity: a student-centered activity that focuses on early, personalized conversation.

  • Setup: Students write and/or draw personal info based on prompts from the teacher (ie- name, favorite food, favorite activity, etc)
  • Action: Cards are placed on desks or tables by the students.
  • Circling: The teacher selects and focuses on a student’s card by ”circling” the vocabulary on the card. Sometimes more than one student can be the focus for the class period.


credit: Ben Slavic

CBLT

methodology: Comprehension Based Language Teaching

A method focused on acquisition of language versus learning a language.


See also: ADI and TCI



CFU

concept: Check For Understanding



chat mats

resource: a one-page visual reference used as a conversational scaffold. Usually contains questions and typical answers about a single topic or subject.



CI

concept: Comprehensible Input

Comprehensible input is language that is communicated, either orally or written, that is mostly understood by the listener/reader.


It is NOT a methodology, but a necessary ingredient for the acquisition of language. Proponents of CI often de-emphasize grammar and vocabulary memorization.


Furthermore, Stephen Krashen claims that linguistic competence is only advanced when the language is subconsciously acquired, rather than consciously learned like many other subject areas.


credit: various researchers, but the popularization of the term and usage in world language education is attributed to Stephen Krashen.

CI Umbrella

concept: An overarching list of different activities that provide comprehensible input to a learner.

link to image: CI Umbrella


credit: Elizabeth Dentlinger

circling

practice: Making a statement and then asking a series of questions about that statement in the target language. Often the questions focus on parts of the statement that are new to the learner. Common questions include: yes/no, either/or, open-ended


  • Statement: Clementine wants a flower.
  • Questions: Does Clementine want a flower?

Does Clementine want a cat?

Does she want a flower or a cat?

Who wants a flower?

What does Clementine want?


credit: Susie Gross

circumlocution

concept: A communication strategy that uses a description of an object, concept, place or action in place of the target vocabulary, when the target vocabulary is not known.


Example: A speaker does not know the word for “banana.” They instead describe it as “a long, yellow fruit.”



classroom jobs

practice: Assigned tasks for students that help build a sense of community, create opportunities to use the target language, and reduce the workload of the teacher.



Clip Chat

activity: A language-teaching technique that uses short, muted video or film clips. The teacher plays a clip, pauses it at key moments, and describes the action out loud using simple, understandable language in the target learning language. Focus is on circling vocabulary and target language. The narration of the action is secondary.

Similar, yet different than MovieTalk, which was the original basis for this activity.


See also: MovieTalk



cloze activity

activity: A reading or listening activity where words/phrases are removed and replaced by blanks for students to fill in.



comprehensible input

concept: Comprehensible Input

Comprehensible input is language that is communicated, either orally or written, that is mostly understood by the listener/reader.


It is not a methodology, but a necessary ingredient for the acquisition of language. Proponents of CI often de-emphasize grammar and vocabulary memorization.


Furthermore, Stephen Krashen claims that linguistic competence is only advanced when the language is subconsciously acquired, rather than consciously learned like many other subject areas.


credit: various researchers, but the popularization of the term and usage in world language education is attributed to Stephen Krashen.

Dictation/Dictado/Dictée

activity: A listening activity where the teacher reads a passage out loud and students must listen and write down exactly what they hear. (author’s note: Although this activity provides a minimal amount of comprehensible input, it does work to provide focus and calming to a disregulated classroom.)



embedded reading

practice: Using three or more versions of the same reading, with increasing complexity, to build student confidence and reading comprehension.


credit: Laurie Clarcq and Michelle Whaley

ER

concept: Extensive Reading

A literacy approach where readers consume large amounts of easy, enjoyable material. This is one tenet of FVR.



Essential 18

concept:18 of the top 40 most common verbs used in common language activities. This includes all of the Super 7 and adds:

Creation (to do/make)

Communication (to say/tell)

Ability (to be able to)

Vision (to see)

Giving (to give)

Knowledge (to know information)

Requirement (must/to have to)

Appearance (to seem/appear)

Speech (to talk)

Placement (to put)

Living (to live)


credit: John Sifert


link: E18 posters

Flyswatter game

game: A game designed to review vocabulary, The game involves students using flyswatters or other object to “swat” the correct answers on a board or paper.


See also: Matamoscas



four-percenters

concept: The rare subset of students (~4%) who excel with traditional, abstract grammar-translation methods, as well as the language teachers themselves who naturally fit this analytical profile.



free write


activity: A timed learning activity where students write continuously in their target language without stopping, focusing on fluency and idea generation rather than grammar or spelling. At the end of the time limit, the teacher tells the students to stop writing and has them count up the number of words that they wrote.


See also: timed write



FVR

practice: Free Voluntary Reading

Students can read whatever they want to read (within reason) with little or no accountability in the form of book reports or grades. The focus is reading for pleasure and understanding.


See also: GSSR and SSR



gallery walk

activity: An interactive learning strategy where teachers display target-language texts, images, or cultural artifacts around the room for students to circulate, read, and discuss. It promotes interpersonal communication, gets students moving, and activites prior knowledge.



Game of Quotes

activity: Students race to find a matching word, phrase, or sentence from a book they are reading that matches a prompt given by the teacher.

Example:

Prompt: “Something you would not like to hear in the bathroom”

Quote: “Can I have a bite of your sandwich?”


credit: Heather Marshall (adapted from the board game: Bring Your Own Book)

GimKit

activity: Online game platform often used to review material. Free version, but with expanded subscription available.


link: gimkit.com


Grudgeball

activity: A review game where several teams answer target-language questions and shoot baskets to erase points or "attack" other teams. When a team has no more points, that team is eliminated.



GSSR

practice: Guided Sustained Silent Reading

Students can read whatever they want to read (within reason) with little or no accountability in the form of book reports or grades. The focus is reading for pleasure and understanding.


See also: FVR and SSR



HFV

concept: High Frequency Verbs

These are the most commonly used action and state-of-being words in any language. Essential for basic communication.


See also: Super 7, Sweet 16, Essential 18



HFW

concept: High Frequency Words

These are the most commonly used words in any language, essential for basic communication.

One source: Routledge Frequency Dictionaries

IB

concept: International Baccalaureate

An educational institution authorized by the International Baccalaureate Organization to teach one or more of its four rigorous, globally recognized academic programs. These schools focus on inquiry-based learning, critical thinking, and developing global-mindedness rather than simple rote memorization.


link: IB Schools

IFLT

conference: The International Forum on Language Teaching

A conference that ran from 2009-2019 to promote teaching with comprehensible input.


credit: Karen Rowan, Jason Fritze, and Stephen Krashen

Invisibles

activity: The co-creation of an imaginary animal or object character through target-language questioning,This often serves as the basis for storytelling and other activities.


See also: One Word Image


credit: Tina Hargaden and Ben Slavic

IPA

assessment: Integrated Performance Assessment

A cluster evaluation tool used in world language education that features three connected tasks based on a single central theme. It assesses real-world functional proficiency across the ACTFL modes of communication: Interpretive, Interpersonal, and Presentational.



Kahoot

activity: Online game platform often used to review material. Free version, but with expanded subscription available.


link: kahoot.com

kindergarten reading

activity: Reading style where the teacher reads outloud to the entire class much like a kindergarten teacher to their students. Demonstrates to students: pace, pronunciation, reading expression, and fluency.



L1

concept: The student’s first language (native language)



L2

concept: The student’s second/third/etc language (language being learned)



lit circles

activity: literature circles

Small, student-led discussion groups where readers gather to talk about a shared book, much like an adult book club. They help build reading comprehension, encourage cooperation, and give students a voice in their own learning.



Locura de marzo

activity: An annual competition held every March since 2017 features 16 songs. For each bracket, students listen to two songs and vote for their favorite. The song with the most votes moves on in the tournament.

Activities dealing with the song are conducted in the target language. Similar to March Music Madness.

See also: March Music Madness


credit: Ben Ashby

Loup Garou

game: Loup Garou is a role-playing deduction game. It models a conflict between an informed minority (the Loup Garou) and an uninformed majority (the Hunter/other roles). Players are secretly assigned roles, and the game alternates between "night" and "day" phases until one team wins. In world language classrooms, the activities are carried out with repetitive language. Students use the target language to accuse, defend, and vote out hidden “Loup Garou" members while the teacher narrates events, providing massive repetitions of high-frequency vocabulary.


See also: Mafia and Bad Unicorn


credit: Annabelle Williamson (la Maestra Loca)

Mafia

game: Mafia is a role-playing deduction game. It models a conflict between an informed minority (the Mafia) and an uninformed majority (the Townspeople/Civilians). Players are secretly assigned roles, and the game alternates between "night" and "day" phases until one team wins. In world language classrooms, the activities are carried out with repetitive language. Students use the target language to accuse, defend, and vote out hidden "mafia" members while the teacher narrates events, providing massive repetitions of high-frequency vocabulary.


See also: Loup Garou and Bad Unicorn



Map Talk

activity: A version of Picture Talk where the image being described in the target language is a real-life map. The teacher leads a discussion that uses observation and the class’s background knowledge and ability to hypothesize.

Map Talk can be used to explore practices, products, and perspectives of the people that live in that area.


credit: Ben Tinsley/Abra Koch

March Music Madness

activity: An annual competition held every March since 2014 features 16 songs from the previous year. For each bracket, students listen to two songs and vote for their favorite. The song with the most votes moves on in the tournament.

Activities dealing with the song are conducted in the target language. Similar to Locura de marzo.

See also: Locura de marzo


credit: Justin Buehler

Marker Game

game: A review game where students sit across from a partner with a marker positioned equidistant between them. The teacher makes a true or false statement. If the statement is true, both partners try to earn a point by grabbing the marker first. If it is false, no one grabs for the marker. Anyone touching a marker during a false statement, loses a point. There are many variations of this game with different objectives.


See also: Agárralo



Matamoscas

activity: A game designed to review vocabulary, The game involves students using flyswatters or other object to “swat” the correct answers on a board or paper.


See also: Flyswatter game



Movie Talk

activity: A language-teaching technique that uses short, muted video or film clips. The teacher plays a clip, pauses it at key moments, and describes the action out loud using simple, understandable language in the target learning language. Focus is on the narration of the action without an attempt to circle or target language.

Similar to Clip Chat, which was originally based on this activity.


See also: Clip Chat


credit: Dr. Ashley Hasting

NT

concept: Non-Targeted

A methodology where the teacher uses vocabulary structures that naturally come up in the activities. No pre-planned order of words and grammar are used, only the ones the come up in the moment.



OPI

assessment: Oral Proficiency Interview

A one-on-one spoken language test, usually conducted over the phone or online, that measures how well a person speaks a world language in real-time conversation.



OWI

activity: One Word Image

The co-creation of an imaginary animal or object character through target-language questioning,This often serves as the basis for storytelling and other activities.


See also: Invisibles



Pass it Up

game: A fast-paced relay game where players sit or stand in lines, passing an object or picture down the row from person to person. The last person at the front must then run to a board or marker to complete a challenge or score a point.



passwords

activity: Expressions that students are required to say in order to enter the classroom each day. These expressions are often rejoinders or common phrases that will help build the students’ breadth of vocabulary.



PBL

methodology: Project/Problem Based Learning

A teaching method where students learn by actively solving real-world problems over an extended period. Instead of memorizing facts from a textbook or listening to lectures, students investigate a complex question, work together, and create a public presentation or product for a real audience.



Picture Talk

activity: Picture Talk uses a teacher-selected image as a starting point for a wider discussion or as a jumping-off point for a story.



ping pong reading

practice: An oral interpreting reading technique. Students get into pairs with a copy of the text. Student 1 reads the first sentence aloud in the target language. Student 2 translates that into English, and then reads the second sentence in the TL. Student 1 translates that into English and reads the third TL sentence aloud. This continues until the end of the reading or time limit.


See also: volleyball reading



point and pause

practice: A teaching strategy used to give students more processing time. The teacher speaks slowly, points to a visual aid, word wall poster, or vocabulary flashcard, and then pauses to let students process the new input.



pop-up grammar

practice: The practice of making very short grammar explanations about the specific vocabulary students are learning at that moment. Explanations are usually ten seconds or less. This brevity is intended to keep focus on the meaning of the language as much as possible.



PQA

practice: Personalized Questions and Answers

A teaching strategy where teachers ask questions in the target language, tailored to students’ lives, interests, experiences and abilities. These questions are designed to be engaging and comprehensible, encouraging students to respond in the target language and lead to a discussion about their answers. The main goal is to build community and help people connect, rather than just test facts.



Quiz, Quiz, Trade

activity: A cooperative learning strategy where students use flashcards or notes to review content, quiz each other, and trade cards before moving on to a new partner.


Quizlet

activity: Online game platform often used to review material. Free version, but with expanded subscription available.



Readers Theatre

activity: A style of dramatic performance where students read aloud from a text instead of memorizing lines. It uses voice, facial expressions, and gestures to bring a story to life without the use of full costumes, heavy props, elaborate sets, or complex blocking.



rejoinders

practice: Short, memorized responses—like "Really?!", “Cool!", or "How awful!"—used to maintain the flow of the target language. Allows students to react spontaneously, show active listening, and keep conversations flowing without requiring complex grammatical output.



reps

concept: repetitions

A common tenet of TCI where teachers attempt to use targeted words and phrases many times in order to facilitate acquistion of language.



running dictation

activity: An active, cooperative learning strategy where students work in pairs/teams to accurately write down a text that is written on paper in another location. One student is the "runner" who reads and memorizes a short line from a wall or hallway, and the other is the "writer" who stays seated in the classroom to record it.



scaffolding

concept: A temporary teaching support that is used for support and access to meaning and is taken away when the student feels successful and has mastered the tasks or concept.


These can include: pictures, sentence frames, word walls, chat mats, gestures, etc



Seal of biliteracy

concept: An award given by a school, district, or state in recognition of students who have studied and attained proficiency in two or more languages by high school graduation. The Seal of Biliteracy encourages students to pursue biliteracy, honors the skills our students attain, and can be evidence of skills that are attractive to future employers and college admissions offices.



Six!/Seis!

game: A fast-paced, written review game. Each player gets their own paper/worksheet and their own die. Students are divided up into groups (3-6 individuals). There is only one pencil per group.


To start, the first person begins to fill out the paper while the other students roll their dice., When a student rolls a “six,” they shout out “six,” steal the pencil from the previous player and begin to fill in their game form as quickly as possible. Meanwhile, the other students continue rolling the dice. The moment the next student rolls a “six,” they shout “six,” and grab the pencil, continuing where the previous player left off.


The game continues until one player completes their paper. The teacher checks it while group-mates keep rolling. If it is accurate, that student is the winner.



SL

activity: Story-Listening

A comprehensible input technique developed by Beniko Mason. The teacher tells a story in the target language and support is given as needed in the form of drawings, pictures, realia, synonyms, words written on the board, and translations in order to make the story comprehensible. The teacher translates and answers any student questions. Afterward, students read the story. There is no “accountability piece.”


credit: Beniko Mason

SLA

concept: Second Language Acquisition

The field of study of how people learn an additional language after their native tongue is already set.


Experts often separate acquisition (subconscious absorption picking up a language naturally through input and use) from conscious study (memorizing grammar rules).



Smashdoodles

activity: A one-page creative poster or scrapbook-style page. Students use words, drawings, and design elements (like lines, shapes, or doodles) to create a visually interesting, one-page poster that represents all or part of a story, article, or novel chapter.


credit: Martina Bex

Song of the week

practice: The use of a song in the target language to create a week-long unit focused on comprehensible input. Teachers may focus on the lyrics, the storyline of an accompanying video, the musical artist, the artist’s home country and/or cultural concepts related to that country. Usage can vary from a few minutes each day to an entire week-long unit.



Special Person Interview

activity: A classroom routine where one student becomes the focus of a daily interview. The teacher asks simple questions in the target language about the student’s life and interests. The class listens, answers questions, and learns about each classmate.


See also: Special Person of the Day and Star Student


credit: Jody Noble/Bryce Hedstrom

Special Person of the Day

activity: A classroom routine where one student becomes the focus of a daily interview. The teacher asks simple questions in the target language about the student’s life and interests. The class listens, answers questions, and learns about each classmate.


See also: Special Person Interview and Star Student


credit: Jody Noble/Bryce Hedstrom

SSR

practice: Sustained Silent Reading

Activity where students can read whatever they want to read (within reason) with little or no accountability in the form of book reports or grades. The focus is reading for pleasure and understanding.


See also: FVR and GSSR


STAMP

assessment: STAndards-based Measurement of Proficiency


An online language proficiency assessment that measures a student’s reading, writing, listening, and speaking skills. Widely used to evaluate language fluency, award college credits, and qualify individuals for a Seal of Biliteracy.


link: STAMP

Star Student

activity: A classroom routine where one student becomes the focus of a daily interview. The teacher asks simple questions in the target language about the student’s life and interests. The class listens, answers questions, and learns about each classmate.


See also: Special Person Interview and Special Person of the Day


credit: Jody Noble/Bryce Hedstrom

Staying in-bounds

practice: The practice of using words that students already understand and have acquired. Words that are “in-bounds“ are:


  • words that all the students have already learned
  • cognates
  • proper nouns that the students know



Stephen Krashen

person: an American linguist known for developing the input hypothesis, a group of five hypotheses of second-language acquisition. A strong proponent of free voluntary reading. Retired as of 2025.



story-asking

practice: A teaching method where the teacher and students co-create a story together in the target language. Instead of the teacher just reading a story aloud, the teacher asks a series of guiding questions. Students invent the characters, plot twists, and details, while the teacher provides vocabulary and keeps the language simple and understandable. Story-asking is a major pillar of TPRS.



Super 7

concept: 7 of the top 40 most common verbs used in common language activities. These are focused on:

Location (to be at a place)

Existence (there is/are)

Possession (to have)

Identity (to be)

Preference (to like/dislike)

Motion (to go)

Volition (to want/feel like)


credit: Terry Waltz

Sweet 16

concept: 16 of the top 100 most common verbs used in storytelling activities.


credit: Mike Peto

TCI

methodology: Teaching with Comprehensible Input

A method focused on acquisition of language versus learning a language.


see also: ADI and CBLT



teach to the eyes

practice: A technique of connecting with students while talking to them in the world language. Looking the students directly in the eyes while speaking gives the teacher a good indication of whether or not they understand what is being said. Teachers choose one student and talk to them directly. After they have finished talking to that student, they pick another student in a different part of the room to talk to. Considered essential for building rapport.



The Natural Approach

methodology: A language teaching method developed in the late 1970s and early 1980s. It aims to mirror how children learn their native language by focusing on natural communication, lowering anxiety, and prioritizing listening and reading comprehension before forcing speech production.


credit: Stephen Krashen and Tracy Terrell

The Unfair Game

game: A review game where teams answer questions to win points. Each question gets a random point value, and the point value can be positive OR negative. After getting a question correct, the team must decide, before seeing the value of the question, whether they want to keep the points or give them to the other team. Thus making luck and strategy just as important as knowing the right answer. Winner is the team with the most points at the end of the game.



timed write

activity: A timed learning activity where students write continuously in their target language without stopping, focusing on fluency and idea generation rather than grammar or spelling. At the end of the time limit, the teacher tells the students to stop writing and has them count up the number of words that they wrote.


see also: free write



TL

concept: Target Language

The language the student is trying to acquire.



TPR

methodology: Total Physical Response

A language-teaching method developed in the 1960s based on the coordination of language and physical movement. In TPR, teachers give commands to students in the target language while demonstrating corresponding body movements, actions, or sounds. Students respond by copying those movements. As students progress, teachers often stop modeling the actions of acquired words, and only give the verbal cues to students.

TPR mimics how infants learn their native language.


credit: Dr. James Asher

TPRS

methodology: Teaching Proficiency Through Reading and Storytelling

A popular method invented in 1990 to teach world languages. The core idea is that students acquire a new language naturally by reading stories and listening to co-creating stories in the classroom rather than just memorizing grammar rules.


note: Although TPRS originally stood for Total Physical Response Storytelling, the acronym was changed in 2004 to better reflect the methodology.


credit: Blaine Ray

Trashketball

game: A review game where students split into teams, and answer questions correctly for points. Students can earn bonus points by shooting a ball into a trash can (much like extra points for a free throw in basketball).



Triangling

practice: An interactive questioning technique. It extends basic vocabulary repetition by shifting a verb or phrase across three distinct grammatical persons or perspectives: first-person (I), second-person (you), and third-person (he/she/they).


In triangling, the teacher talks to a student, other students about the first student, and talks about themself as a method to compare and contrast.



Turn and Talk

activity: A quick speaking routine where a teacher asks a question, and students turn to a partner to discuss it. This gives every student a low-stress chance to practice speaking the language out loud before sharing with the whole group.



volleyball reading

practice: An oral interpreting reading technique. Students get into pairs with a copy of the text. Student 1 reads the first sentence aloud in the target language. Student 2 translates that into English, and then reads the second sentence in the TL. Student 1 translates that into English and reads the third TL sentence aloud. This continues until the end of the reading or time limit.


See also: ping pong reading



Weekend Chat

activity: A routine activity where teachers and students converse in the target language about what they did over the past weekend or plan to do on the upcoming one. It can serve as a low-prep, personalized warm-up to build community and practice verb tenses.



whole class novel

practice: A single book that every student reads and discovers together. Instead of reading their own novel, the students share the same story, build target-language vocabulary in context, and discuss cultural themes as a class. This approach allows for scaffolding from the teacher and a more in-depth approach to a book compared to free voluntary reading.



Wooly Week

event: A popular online language-learning event hosted by Señor Wooly where Spanish students and teachers participate in interactive challenges, explore new curriculum materials, and celebrate the release of fresh music videos and stories.


The Señor Wooly website creates songs, videos, and books that are based on providing comprehensible material for Spanish and French classroom.


credit: Jim Wooldridge


link: senorwooly.com

word cloud

activity: A visual picture of text from a story or chapter. Words that show up often in a piece of writing look bigger and bolder. Words used less often look smaller and less bold.


Teachers use word clouds to show key vocabulary, help students guess story topics, and boost reading comprehension.



word wall

resource: An organized visual display of key vocabulary, phrases, or grammatical structures in the target language. It helps students remember new words, build conversational skills, and write independently without constantly needing a dictionary. Word walls can be comprehensive, or focus on a specific topic such as: common verbs, rejoinders, or connecting words.



Write and Discuss

activity: A classroom routine where the teacher and students co-create a written (or typed) summary of an event, story, or conversation that happened in the target language. The teacher writes sentences on the board based on student recall and input, to ensure the text remains easy to understand.


It is often used as a summary activity to review what happened during an activity or class period.